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Introduction
All people belong to some
form of organization. Do they
behave differently inside
and outside the organization?
How do such organizations
function and why do people
within them behave as they
do? The basic concepts are:
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What is the organizational
culture? |
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How
do people learn? |
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The
nature of an informal
organization and the
effect of stress on
the individual. |
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What is Micro Organizational
Behavior? |
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What is Macro Organizational
Behavior? |
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What are the characteristics
of behavior? |
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The
employees’ arte oriented to appreciate
the managerial relevance of UNDERSTANDING,
DIRECTING, CONTROLLING and PREDICTING Behavior.
What is the objective of this understanding? |
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1.
THE INDIVIDUAL PERCEPTION & ATTITUDES:
This delves deeper into the dimensions of human
behavior. The objective is to understand the individual.
Understanding the individual, the constituents
of perception, attitude, motivation and personality.
Factors which lead to the individual’s psychological
orientation. The meaning of perception and perceptual
errors. How one understands attitudes? And one
can influence and change attitudes. Components
of attitudes: COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORIAL
READINESS. Other inputs include the Perceptual
Process, the Attribution Model and the application
of the Concept of Attribution.
2. THE INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY
& MOTIVATION: Two vital aspects of
what is known as mindset: PERSONALITY & MOTIVATION.
The three important theories: (1). Maslow’s
Needs Hierarchy Theory, (2). McClelland’s
Acquired Needs Theory and (3). Hertzberg’s
Two Factor theory are discussed, compared and
contrasted. Goal setting as a motivational tool
is explored. Personality and its relationship
to individual’s competence and performance
are outlined. Personality dimensions are explained.
3. THE INTERPERSONAL
BEHAVIOR: This is an important aspect
of group dynamics. What happens when individuals
come together? How do they behave? What are the
factors that govern the relationship amongst individuals
on a one-to-one basis and on a one-to-many basis?
The factors that lead to relationship are values,
beliefs, norms and standards. Explore the factors
influencing interpersonal relationships with focus
on interdependence and equity. There is special
emphasis on the nature, effects and resolution
of conflicts. Other inputs include an overview
of Transactional Analysis.
4. TEAM BUILDING &
LEADERSHIP: Genetics drives the functioning
teams, camps and tribes. Current concepts of ‘Task
focusing Groups’ Learning Teams’ and
‘Learning Organizations’ stand. An
understanding of the current body of knowledge
in this area could provide the answers. The truth
lies between nature at the genetics and the nature
at the other. Where does it exactly lie? The objective
is to lay the foundations: Forming, Storming,
norming, performing and maturation, these are
the five phases of experimenting learning in the
team development process. Leadership models and
styles, as appropriate to these five phases are
adopted and studied. Successful leaders from business
and industry reveal their inner selves.
5. NATURE OF ORGANIZATIONS:
The components of the structure of an organization:
Concepts of Complexity, Formalization and Centralization
are dealt with, what are the forces that determine
organization’s structure? How are Computers
and IT affecting these structures? Have the newer
models of organization structured introduced?
What are the goals, objectives and strategy? Inputs
that include Organization Culture, its definition
and characteristics. How does culture evolve and
develop? Which is the best form of organizational
Culture? Can Organization’s change their
culture to survive? …… HOW? What is
the interplay of structure, process and culture?
6. ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
In an increasingly competitive world, organizations
need to develop themselves, on many fronts, to
cope with the future. Organizational Development
(OD) how did it evolve? Differentiate OD from
Organizational transformation and show the potential
synergy in these two processes: Organizational
Diagnostic Studies & Organizational Transition
Processes are educated using real world examples
from industry.
7. DEFINITION &
SCOPE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT:
The philosophy of Human Resource Management (HRM)
differs from traditional wisdom in that it treats
employees as key assets. Commitment more than
compliance is what HRM seeks to create. How is
HRM linked to business strategy? The evolution
of HRM? Compare and Contrast HRM with Personnel
Management. The functions of a typical HRM department
are detailed with focus on both the organization
and the individual. Additional inputs include
HR Audit and Quantitative Methods of Manpower
forecasting.
8. RECRUITMENT, SELECTION,
TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT: Man for the
job or job for the man. If the former is what
leads to good fits, then knowing the jobs you
have to offer and how they will change in the
future is the key. The current body of knowledge
establishes the fact that mere Job Descriptions
alone will not suffice. The selection to induction
process, the training process and the development
process all need to ensure value fits and the
success factor fits.
9. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
& COUNSELLING: How to harmonize the
strategic business objectives, functional departmental
objectives and the individual’s business
role. The answer is through the closed loop of
performance planning, performance development
and performance assessment. Both performance appraisal
and counseling form an integral part of this process.
10. CAREER DEVELOPMENT:
Many brilliant, hard working and effective executives
have failed to make their mark because if ill
planned careers. They live with a feeling of being
in the wrong place at the wrong time. How can
an executive plan his career? The answer is: the
concept of career development, a step-by-step
logical approach to help an employee to internalize
the process of self-assessment. Peep into the
life of this employee before he/she enters the
portals of an organization and continue to eavesdrop
on him/her during the early days of the job. The
employee need to learn how he/she could explore
options, create plans and achieve goals. Guidelines
and tips help the employee in finding his/her
feet on the ladder of success.
11. COMPENSATION &
ADMINISTRATION OF SALARIES/WAGES: Traditional
concepts of salaries and wages still hold their
place. Starting with an understanding of the fundamental
definitions, elements and differences. Illustrate
the realms of fringe benefits, perks, incentives
and stock options. The pros and cons of various
compensation practices, its analysis and rationalize
the prevalent compensation models, attendant laws,
regulating mechanism and conflict situations
12. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
& COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: The significance
of Industrial Relations in an Industrial Society
amidst the cornerstone of Democracy, pluralism
and industrialization is the subject. ‘BREAD
& BUTTER UNIONISM’, ‘INDUSTRIAL
DEMOCRACY UNIONISM’ and ‘ENTERPRISES
UNIONISM’ of America, Europe and Japan respectively
delve for collecting bargaining, participatory
management and Human Resources Management. At
the core of this entire are the main features
of the IR systems in India. Trade unionism in
India, conflict resolution mechanisms and the
limit of collecting bargaining are the key functions.
How does all this fit into the process of globalization?
13. PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT:
This study is set in the basics of “Industrial
Democracy”, “Industrial Governance”,
“Management Prerogatives” and “Trade
Union Rights”. Illustrate what and why of
participative management, raise the questions:
‘What is in it for labor?’ and ‘What
is in it for management?’
14. TRENDS IN HRM &
HUMAN NETWORKING: Processes of empowerment
and human networking. The areas of self managed
teams, learning teams, learning organizations,
amoebic systems, gain sharing, TQM and 360 degrees
performance appraisals. |
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1.
PERSONAL POLICIES: Organizations can be
viewed as a HUMAN-SOCIAL SYSTEM engaging in certain
tasks in a structured way developing technologies.
Like any other resources, the HUMAN RESOURCE is
to be selected, placed, developed, compensated,
maintained and replaced. These functions together
constitute the Management of Human Resource. In
several organizations, these functions are executed
within the frame work of Personnel Policies, which
are not static but have to evolve in a dynamic environment:
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Evolution
of Human Resource Function: Labor
– workers – employees –
human resource. |
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An
overview of personnel policies:
Legal, social, economic, human-social system,
role and status of personnel specialist
in industry. |
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Procurement:
Job design, manpower planning, recruitment,
induction. |
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Development:
Performance planning, appraisal, training
& career planning. |
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Employment
Conditions: Job evaluation, basic
compensation structure. |
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Integration:
Collaborative relationships, grievance-setting
discipline, welfare programs, statutory
and non-statutory obligations. |
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Maintenance:
Employee communication, counseling, physical
and mental health, personnel research. |
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Separation
Process: Retirement, retrenchment,
discharge and out placement. |
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Careers
in HRM: |
2. HRD Philosophy:
It is a popular notion in India. In the last decade
and is now becoming a movement at the national and
at the enterprise level. The personnel profession
is undergoing a transformation as a result. The
practices in the field of HRD are channeled through
procedures, which are based on principles and philosophies.
Usually practices are emphasized and philosophy
is neglected which leads in practices.
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Concept
& Origin of HRD: Place HR in
the Management Goals; profile of a Head
of Dept (HOD). for HRD |
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HRD
Mechanisms: Processes & Outcomes |
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HRD
Functions in the organizations:
Structuring HRD under Indian environmental
conditions. |
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Pitfalls
and Dangers in HRD practices. |
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Various
HRD instruments and their utilities. |
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Overview
of the training process: Designing
training & development activities. |
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Training:
Methodologies, comparison, suitability under
different conditions (Social process, training
climate). |
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Evaluation
of Training: Post training support
at work. |
3. ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR: Just as organizations have objectives,
people have their own needs. When people work in
organizations, they are trying to achieve both the
objectives of the organization and their own need.
People in organizations are operating at three levels:
as individuals, as members of a work force and as
members of the organization. It is through their
behavior that operations take place, productivity
is raised or lowered and the climate turns healthy
or unhealthy. It is necessary for the HOD to be
perceptive and sensitive to the behavioral phenomena.
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Key
Elements in Organizations: People,
Structure, Technology and Environment. |
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Common
Notions about People & Behavior:
Stereo types (Good or Bad), patterns (Shirking
or Showmanship) and problems (apathy, indifference,
indiscipline) behaviorist approach. |
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Concept
of Personality Traits that explain behavior,
self-concept, matching personality and jobs. |
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Human
Needs: Motives, motivation, content
& process theories (Maslow, Hertzberg,
Alderfer, Vroom) importance of motivating
environment. |
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Personality
& Environment: Physical &
psychological components of environment
at work, restrictive and supportive environments. |
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Concepts
of Groups: Formal/informal groups,
stages of group formation and cohesiveness,
their impact on individual and organization
…… morale and productivity contribution. |
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Supervision
& Leadership: Successful &
effective leaders, traits, situational,
managerial grid. 3 dimensional approach
to leadership, relationship between leader
& organization, nurturing task leadership. |
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Organizational
Climate: Concept, Feudal/ Paternalistic
values, democratic values, psychological
dependency, power motivation, perceptions
of relative power and trust-resultant behavioral
outcomes. |
4. LABOR LEGISLATION:
Is a response of the state to the problems and issues
facing labor-management relations. It is aimed at
ensuring peace and harmony between the parties enabling
effective resolution of conflicts and disputes arising
in the course of employment and work performance.
Labor legislation lays down the boundaries within
which the management of HR takes place and it also
signifies the general orientation of Government
Policies towards labor.
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Legislation
on Wages & Monetary Benefits:
Minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus and
gratuity. |
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Legislation
on Conditions at Work: Factories
Act, Industrial Employment Act. |
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Legislation
on Social security: Employees Provident
Fund, Employees State Insurance, Workmen’s
Compensation. |
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Legislations
on Industrial Relations: Industrials
Disputes, |
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Trends
in Recent Judgments of the Courts. |
5. INDUSTRIAL
RELATIONS: The area of Human Resource Management
in an organization is anchored in the hard-core
Employer-Employee Relations, which involves negotiating
for compatibility in the inherently conflicting
interests of both the sides. Thus, the material
basis for HR is provided by Industrial Relations
and hence every practitioner of HR needs a firm
grasp of its dynamics.
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Overview
of Industrial Relations in India:
Historical Evolution of Trade Unionism ……
The role of the State. |
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Trade
Union Movement: Types of Unions
(Central Trade Union, Politicization, multiplicity,
legal environment. |
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Nature
of Trade Union Activity. |
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Collective
Bargaining: Concept, process, contracts
and settlements trends. |
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Industrial
Conflicts: Nature & manifestation
of causes, wages, benefits, grievances,
discipline, recognition. |
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Profile
of Worker: Absenteeism, trends
in sect oral employment/unemployment. |
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Workers’
Participation in Management: Concepts,
form, schemes and their evaluation, experiences
of other worker cooperatives. |
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Technology:
Change & Development, Knowledge of workers
its impact on employment and exit policies.
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6. LABOR ECONOMICS:
The environmental factors determine the
demand and supply in the economy and the equation
creates pulls and pressure on the management of
HR at the level of a unit. Although these factors
are outside the control of the unit management,
it has to deal with the situation arising out
of their configuration. Hence, a misunderstanding
of Labor Economics forms a central part of the
HRD’s thinking tool-kit.
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Perspective
on Industrialization: History and
impact of Industrial Revolution, Industrial
development in India, current state of the
Economy and the industry. |
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Systems
of Economic Management: Planned
Economy, Mixed Economy, Market Economy,
evolution of labor market recruitment, commitment,
advancement, maintenance & nature of
Indian Labor Market. |
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Theories
of Employment: Concept of full
employment and under employment dimensions
of under employment in India, employment
generation schemes and their effectiveness. |
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Peculiarities
of Indian Labor Markets with respect to:
Women, child labor, agriculture, migration,
casual and contract labor, technological
changes, structural adjustments. |
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Emerging
Trends: Automation, Computerization,
and Globalization ---- Post Industrial Society
& Information Technology. |
7. EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION:
With increasing competition, there is certain dynamism
in employee compensation as a means of attracting
and retaining manpower. The compensation policy
making has become a complex exercise on account
of specialized jobs, tax laws and changing lifestyles.
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Concepts
of Wages: Its importance for business,
employer-employee relationship, perspective
of labor and management with reference to
wages. |
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Components
of Wages: Factors influencing wages
objectives of a sound wage structure, principle
of equity. |
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Fixed
Compensation: Need for Job Evaluation,
Concept of Job evaluation its application
techniques: ranking, grading, points, factor
comparison (Benefits & Limitations). |
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Variable
Compensation: Its need, concept
and application in blue & white collar
jobs, piece rates and incentives, operations
of various plans and their limitations (performance,
bonus, profit sharing, stock options). |
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Compensation
Systems for white collar employees, executive
compensation different systems in vogue. |
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Rewards
& Benefits: Attendance Bonus,
Protection Program, Subsidies and perquisites. |
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Voluntary
Separation Schemes. |
8. ORGANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT: Is not a panacea for all the
problems of organization. It is necessary to remember
this in the world of today when OD has gained in
popularity and prestige. It is a strategy for intelligently
facing the requirements of a changing world.
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Concept
& History of OD: Laboratory
Training, Survey Research, Action Research
underlying assumptions and values. |
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Nature
of OD Operational Components: Foundations
& Characteristics. |
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OD
Interventions team: Inter-Group,
Interpersonal. Comprehensive Interventions,
Structural Interventions. |
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Major
Issues: Power & Politics, Research
and Future Trends. |
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Training
Packages in HR:
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Writing Job Descriptions Workshops:
Do not leave employees guessing. Let them
know what is expected if you want results.
Educate employees and give them ownership. |
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Core Competencies Workshop:
People, who do not fit, cost money. Define
the culture you want and the type of people
you need by identifying core competencies.
Identify the key employees their competencies
and behaviors. |
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Strategic Planning Workshop:
Do you want employees to know where they are
going? Strategic Planning will save money
and increase chances of success in business.
Produce plans that have employees’ commitment. |
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Effective Recruitment Workshop:
Get the right employee or pay the price. Train
& Develop people to recruit the right
people with an effective process. |
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Effective Performance Management
Workshop for Managers: If the employees
are not performing as per expectations, first
fix it. Attract and retain good people with
a superior performance management system.
Ensure managers have the tools and skills. |
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Effective Performance Management
Workshop for Employees: Do not leave
this totally to the managers. Keep the employees
involved and committed to the performance
management process. |
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Succession Planning: How
are you going to manage tomorrow? Equip employees
with a plan for future with succession planning.
Ensure the involvement and commitment of the
managerial team. |
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